Phenyl acetate (or phenylacetate) is a carboxylic acid ester that has been found in the biofluids of patients with nephritis and/or hepatitis as well as patients with phenylketonuria (PKU) an inborn error of metabolism. Excess phenylalanine in the body can be disposed of through a transamination process leading to the production of phenylpyruvate.

DL-Homocysteinethiolactone hydrochloride is a cysteine derivative that binds to and induces conformational changes in various plasma proteins slowing coagulation and inducing oxidative stress.?It decreases left ventricular systolic blood pressure and cardiac force and induces seizures in vivo.

5-Methoxytryptophol is a pineal indoleamine derived from serotonin shown to be biologically active in a number of species.